Spatial patterns in natural <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea crassifolia</Emphasis> forests of northwestern China,as basis for close-to-nature forestry     

Zhi-bin He  Shu Fang  Long-fei Chen  Jun Du  Xi Zhu  Peng-fei Lin 《山地科学学报》2018,15(9):1909-1919

Close-to-nature forest management has been proposed as an effective method for improving the quality of plantation forests. Knowledge of spatial distribution patterns, structure, and succession trajectories in natural forests can provide guidelines for the establishment of close-to-nature forest plantations. Such knowledge is lacking in natural spruce (Picea crassifolia) forests in the Qilian Mountains of China, impeding the establishment of production forests. We conducted a case study in the Qilian Mountains to analyze the relationships between the naturally-formed forest patches and terrain factors, spatial heterogeneity of stand characteristics, and stand structure following harvesting disturbance. Our results suggested that spruce plantations will be effective on the N, NE, and NW slopes, at elevations between 2700 and 3300 m, and on slopes ranging from 15° to 45°. Further, planted forest patches should occupy 64% of the slope area on semi-shady slopes (NE, NW). Spatial patterns in the studied forest exhibited a strong scale-effect, and an area of 0.25 ha could be used as the most efficient plot scale for the management of spruce plantations. Partial logging is an effective method for the conversion of spruce planted forests into nearnatural forests, and the intensity of partial logging can be determined from the negative exponential function relationship between stand density and DBH. Our results provided critical information for the development of spruce plantations and conversion of existing plantations.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China from 2000 to 2011          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Wang  Baisheng Ye  Yuhuan Cui  Xiaobo He  Guojing Yang 《水文研究》2014,28(9):3454-3465

This research demonstrates the spatiotemporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China during 2000–2011, by the albedo derived from two types of datasets: Landsat TM/ETM + images and MOD10A1 product. Then, the influence factors of glacier albedo and its relationship with glacier mass balance are also analyzed by the correlation approach, which is frequently used in geostatistics. The paper finds that there are different spatiotemporal variations over the glaciers in western China: (1) For a single glacier, the albedo varies gently with altitude on its tongue and increases fast in the middle part, while in the accumulation zones, the albedo value appears in the form of fluctuation. This could provide a quantitative method to retrieve the snowline by determining the threshold albedo value of snowpack and bare ice. (2) For the glaciers in western China, the albedo decreases with distance to the center of Tibetan Plateau (TP). This may relate to the elevation of glacier, for the speed of glacier retreat highly depends on air temperature. (3) In the summer period, albedo on most glaciers declines over the last 12 years, and it decreases much faster in southeastern TP than other regions, for which air temperature overwhelms the black carbon concentration. In addition, the trend of glacier albedo in summer is greatly correlated with that of measured glacier mass balance, which implies that the long‐term albedo datasets by remote sensing technology could be used to monitor and predict the change of glacier mass balance in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于空间插值的浙江省城市流时空演变特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

魏国恩  贺清云  朱翔  欧阳晓 《干旱区地理》2019,42(1):215--222

为了探寻发达省份内城市间相互作用的时空特征，该文以浙江省为样本单元，选取2005、2010年和2015年3个时间截面，采用反距离权重法和空间插值手段，从城市流强度视角展开了实证分析。结果表明：（1） 城市间的联系在不断加强，期间城市流强度值随时间的推移而整体得到提升，空间上由初始的“中心点”通过发展扩散向“中心域”转变，中心城市的辐射带动作用开始发挥成效。（2）结构上呈现出相对稳定的北高南低的分布格局，以杭州市为龙头，宁波为副核心，温州、绍兴、舟山为重要节点的多中心城市网络结构雏形初步形成。（3） 城市流强度的空间分异特征分析明显，但分异程度有了些许的改善，侧面说明空间上由初始的“中心点”通过发展扩散向“中心域”转变的基本观点。最后就浙江省如何加强省内城市间“流”的规模性、区域协调性和可持续性展开了讨论。  相似文献   

Maastrichtian Charophyte Flora from the Jiankou Section of the Jiaolai Basin     

LI Sh  FANG Yanan  WANG He  WANG Qifei  ZHANG Haichun 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):556-557

The latest Cretaceous strata of the Jiaolai Basin were studied in two scientific cores,including LK-1 drilled by the Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Li et al.,2018;Li et al.,2020),and JK-1 drilled by the Shandong Institute of the Geological Survey and Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Xu et al.,2017).However,outcrop sections were poorly studied,and the latest Cretaceous charophyte flora in particular had not previously been adequately documented from outcrops in the Jiaolai area.  相似文献   

Early Jurassic palaeoenvironments in the Surat Basin,Australia – marine incursion into eastern Gondwana     

Andrew D. La Croix  Jianhua He  Valeria Bianchi  Jiahao Wang  Sebastian Gonzalez  Jim R. Undershultz 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):457-485

Interpretations of palaeodepositional environments are important for reconstructing Earth history. Only a few maps showing the Jurassic depositional environments in eastern Australia currently exist. Consequently, a detailed understanding of the setting of Australia in Gondwana is lacking. Core, wireline logs, two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic from the Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation in the Surat Basin have been used to construct maps showing the evolution of depositional environments through the Early Jurassic. The results indicate the succession consists of three third-order sequences (Sequence 1 to Sequence 3) that were controlled by eustatic sea level. The lowstand systems tract in Sequence 1 comprises braidplain deposits, confined to a fairway that parallels the basin centre. The strata were initially deposited in two sub-basins, with rivers flowing in different orientations in each sub-basin. The transgressive systems tract of Sequence 1 to lowstand systems tract of Sequence 3 is dominated by fluvio–deltaic systems infilling a single merged basin centre. Finally, the transgressive and highstand systems tracts of Sequence 3 show nearshore environments depositing sediment into a shallow marine basin. In the youngest part of this interval, ironstone shoals are the most conspicuous facies, the thickness and number of which increase towards the north and east. This study interprets a corridor to the open ocean through the Clarence–Moreton Basin, or the Carpentaria and Papuan basins, evidence of which has been eroded. These results challenge a commonly held view that eastern Australia was not influenced by eustasy, and propose a more dynamic palaeogeographic setting comprising a mixture of fluvial, deltaic and shallow marine sedimentary environments. This work can be used to unravel the stratigraphic relationships between Mesozoic eastern Australian basins, or in other basins globally as an analogue for understanding the complex interplay of paralic depositional systems in data poor areas.  相似文献   

青海共和盆地地热流体地球化学特征及热储水-岩相互作用过程     

马月花  唐保春  苏生云  张盛生  李成英 《地学前缘》2020,27(1):123-133

地热流体地球化学组成及其运移规律和成因机制研究对地热资源勘查和开发利用具有重要意义。当前,青海省地热资源开发利用程度低,更缺乏针对地热流体地球化学特征进行深入研究的系统性工作。青海共和盆地是青藏高原北缘的一个断陷盆地,盆地内地热资源丰富。本文以共和盆地及周围部分山区的地热系统为研究对象,基于系统地球化学采样和测试开展了地热流体地球化学组成及热储水-岩相互作用过程分析,认为:从共和下更新统热储、新近系热储到鄂拉山构造岩浆带再到瓦里贡山构造岩浆带,地热水中SiO₂含量依次升高,反映热储温度依次升高;上述地热地区热储中原生铝硅酸盐矿物的溶解和蚀变矿物的形成是控制地热水中阳离子含量的最重要的水文地球化学过程,而补给水下渗和地热水径流及升流过程中盐类矿物的溶滤则是水中阴离子(特别是 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}和Cl^-)的主要来源。  相似文献   

PDR算法对地磁室内定位精度的提升研究     

黄鹤  张新宇  仇凯悦 《测绘通报》2019,(12):18-21

利用建筑物中金属结构引起的地磁场扰动可以对室内的行人目标进行定位，而且基于地磁场的定位无需布设任何额外设施，因此可以以低成本实现定位。但仅靠单一的地磁技术无法满足室内定位的精度要求。为了解决磁场数据中单点定位的模糊性问题，本文提出了一种利用粒子滤波算法将PDR与地磁相融合的室内定位方法，并开发了地磁室内导航系统，以智能手机为硬件平台构建磁力计传感器模型，建立匹配轨迹的均方误差准则并实现PDR累积误差实时校正的迭代计算。在68 m×1.8 m的试验区域内，产生的平均定位误差为1.13 m，最大定位误差为2.17 m。本文算法的定位精度比单独PDR算法提升了42%；与单一地磁指纹匹配算法相比，定位精度提高了57%。试验证明，本文提出的融合算法对提高室内定位精度具有显著的作用。  相似文献   

建筑物侧面轮廓线约束的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物高度估算方法     

陈辉  张卡  宿东  王蓬勃 《测绘通报》2019,(9):34-37,72

针对现有利用阴影长度法提取建筑物高度时存在的阴影间相互遮挡问题，提出了一种基于建筑物侧面轮廓线进行建筑物高度估算的新方法。首先，利用RPC模型计算建筑物像点位移的方向与卫星成像角度，再将遥感影像进行旋转，使建筑物像点位移沿水平方向；然后，利用Canny算法进行轮廓检测，并构建一定长度的矩形形态学结构元素，对轮廓图像进行形态学开运算，以提取侧面轮廓线，再利用Hough变换与建筑物角点约束，对所提取的轮廓线进一步筛选；最后，根据卫星侧视成像时建筑物高度与像点位移的几何关系进行建筑物的高度估算。利用实际的高分辨率卫星影像对本文方法进行了验证，并与阴影法估算建筑物高度进行了对比。试验结果证明，利用建筑物侧面轮廓线进行建筑物高度估算平均误差可以达到0.7 m，且实际精度优于使用阴影法进行建筑物高度估算。  相似文献   

平原地区机载激光雷达数据的抽稀算法分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨明军  苏春梅  康冰锋  张珣  曹殿才 《测绘通报》2019,(1):101-107

目前，机载激光雷达点云数据在测绘行业中的应用还存在较多的瓶颈。为了使机载激光雷达点云数据更好地服务等值线等数据的生产，发挥其高效和高精度的优势，本文归纳、总结了国内外现有的LiDAR点云数据抽稀算法，并通过对比分析现有LiDAR点云数据抽稀算法存在的优缺点，如系统抽稀、格网抽稀、TIN抽稀和坡度抽稀等算法，结合平原地区激光点云在实际生产中的应用，研究了更适合平原地区点云数据的抽稀方法，通过大量的数据测试和试生产。结果表明，该方法可以在应用项目精度约束下保证数据质量，减少了后期数据处理应用的难度，提升了后续成果数据的质量，提高了作业生产效率，对机载激光雷达点云数据在测绘行业中的应用推广具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

基于投影变换的线阵旋转扫描相机标定方法     

苏琳  巫兆聪  闫钊  王鹏 《测绘通报》2019,(4):96-98,102

针对线阵旋转扫描相机标定数据难以获取及模型解算不稳定的问题，提出了一种基于投影变换的线阵旋转扫描相机标定方法。首先构建了一种新的线阵旋转扫描相机成像模型，该模型可以根据相机旋转平台参数、线阵旋转扫描相机成像平面与其切平面的位置关系将旋转扫描图像投影为框幅式图像；然后根据构建出的成像模型，采用直接线性变换法和非线性优化方法进行相机标定和参数优化。试验结果表明，此方法简单易行，具有较高的精度。  相似文献